Introduction
In this experiment, we will determine the various parts of an embryo of dicot seeds like pea, gram, or red kidney beans.
Basic Building Concept
1 Seed is formed from the fertilisation of the ovule. It is covered by a seed coat.
2. At the outer surface of the seed, a scar is present, which is also known as hilum.
3. At the hilum, seed stalks are attached to the seed.
4. Near the hilum, a micropyle is present, which consists of small pores.
5. Each seed coat has an embryo which is divided into three parts- plumule, radicle, and cotyledon.
7. Plumule is the upper part of the embryo, which develops into shoots.
8. Radicle is the lower end of the embryo, which develops into the root.
9. One cotyledon is present in the monocot, and two cotyledons are present in the dicot plant.
10. Cotyledons are also referred to as seed leaves.
11. Epicotyl is the part of the embryonic axis present between the point of attachment of cotyledons and the plumule.
12. Hypocotyl is the part of the embryonic axis present between the point of attachment of cotyledons and the radicle.
Aim
To identify the different parts of an embryo of dicot seeds such as pea, gram, and red kidney beans.
Requirements
1. Red kidney beans,
2. Forceps,
3. Magnifying glass,
4. Cloth,
5. Water,
6. Petri dish.
Theory
1. The embryo is divided into two parts- cotyledons and the embryonal axis.
2. The embryonal axis is divided into five parts – Plumule, Epicotyl, Point of attachment of cotyledon, Hypocotyl, and radicle.
Procedure
Step 1: Soak a few red beans overnight.
Step 2: Separate out the excess water by draining.
Step 3: With the help of a moist cloth, cover these seeds and leave them for one day.
Step 4: Now, peel the seed coat from them.
Step 5: With the help of forceps, divide the seed into two equal parts from the center.
Step 6: Using a magnifying glass, observe the parts of the embryo of the seed.
Step 7: Draw the well-labeled diagram of whatever you have observed.
Observation
1. The shape of a bean is like a kidney whose one part is convex, and another is concave.
2. The concave side has the hilum, and adjacent to it, a micropyle is present.
3. Seed coat has covered the seed.
4. Two large, white and kidney-shaped cotyledons are present in the embryo.
5. There is a curved embryonal axis to which cotyledon is attached.
6. The lower end of the embryo is bulgy due to the presence of a radicle that has a rod-like shape.
7. The upper end of the embryo has a plumule.
8. Epicotyl is the part of the embryonic axis present between the point of attachment of cotyledons and the plumule.
9. Hypocotyl is the part of the embryonic axis present between the point of attachment of cotyledons and the radicle.
Result
The dicot seeds have an embryo in it, which is divided into three parts- radicle, plumule, and cotyledon.
Precautions
1. Observe the embryo carefully.
2. Carefully peel out the seed coat from the seed.
3. Clothes used for drying seeds must be moist.
Conclusion
In this way, we have identified the different parts of an embryo of a dicot seed, such as pea, gram, and red kidney beans.
Viva Questions and Answers
Q.1 What was the aim of our experiment?
ANS. To identify different parts of an embryo of dicot seeds.
Q.2 Why is it advised to soak the seed overnight?
ANS. To soften the seed coat that will help in easy removal of it.
Q.3 What do you understand about Epicotyl?
ANS. Epicotyl is the part of the embryonic axis present between the point of attachment of cotyledons and the plumule.
Q.4 What do you understand about Hypocotyl?
ANS. Hypocotyl is the part of the embryonic axis present between the point of attachment of cotyledons and the radicle.
Q.5 What do cotyledons do?
ANS. They store food for baby plants.
Q.6 An embryo is divided into how many parts?
ANS. Three – Radicle, Plumule, and Cotyledon.
Q.6 What do you understand by the term radicle?
ANS. The radicle is the lower end of the embryo, which develops into the root.
Q.7 What do you understand by the term Plumule?
ANS. Plumule is the upper part of the embryo, which develops into shoots.
Q.8 Define the term dicot seed?
ANS. Dicot seeds are those seeds in which two cotyledons are present.
Q.9 Define the term Monocot seed?
ANS. Monocot seeds are those seeds in which only one cotyledon is present.
Q.10 Name the condition required to grow a seed to plant?
ANS. Water, sunlight, soil, and oxygen.
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Saquib Siddiqui is a Mechanical Engineer with expertise in science projects and experiments. Saquib’s work focuses on integrating scientific concepts with practical applications, making complex ideas accessible and exciting for learners of all ages. In addition to his practical work, Saquib has authored several articles, research papers, and educational materials.
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